概述
This guideline serves as an update to and replacement of the 2018 ISPAD consensus guideline on stages of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Herein, we provide an evidence-based summary of recommendations for screening children for T1D risk and discuss potential opportunities for clinical trials designed to delay progression to Stage 3 T1D and preserve beta cell function in those with Stage 3 disease. We again use the American Diabetes Association's metrics for grading evidence from A through E. We acknowledge that priorities may differ in low-income countries that may not be able to offer screening.