概述
There are currently more than 1000 prescription medications available for use in the United States and more than 100,000 over-the-counter herbal and dietary supplements (HDS) available for purchase in retail stores and online. In addition, the average adult American receives more than six prescription medications per year. Many of these drugs and HDS products have been implicated as causes of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Furthermore, DILI is a leading reason for regulatory actions regarding drugs in development as well as those in the marketplace. Confidently establishing a diagnosis of DILI is difficult because of the need to exclude more common competing causes of liver injury, the protean clinical manifestations from an individual agent, and the lack of a validated diagnostic biomarker.