心力衰竭(heart failure,HF)是一种临床综合征,出现由心脏结构和/或功能异常引起的症状和/或体征,心脏结构和/或功能异常包括:射血分数(ejection fraction,EF)<50%、心腔异常扩大、二尖瓣舒张早期血流峰速度与二尖瓣环舒张早期运动峰速度比值(the ratio of early diastolic flow peak velocity of the mitral valve to early diastolic peak velocity of mitral valve annulus,E/E')>15、存在中重度心室肥大或存在中重度瓣膜梗阻性或反流性疾病;并且至少符合以下一项:①利尿钠肽水平升高,② 通过影像学检查(如胸部 X 线检查或超声心动图显像发现充盈压升高)或者静息或激发(如运动)状态下的血液动力学测量[如右心导管检查、肺动脉(pulmonary artery,PA)导管检查]等诊断方法发现了心源性肺充血或全身充血的客观证据。
2、晚期心力衰竭
晚期心力衰竭是指尽管进行了最佳的循证治疗,但仍持续存在严重心力衰竭的体征和症状的一种临床综合征,可用“终末期”、“晚期”和“难治性”HF 等术语来描述,其生活质量及临床预后较其他类型心力衰竭患者更差。多种分类系统可用于定义晚期心力衰竭患者,包括纽约心脏协会(New York Heart Association,NYHA)心功能分级 IV 级(是指静息时即存在心力衰竭症状的患者),或美国心脏病学会(American College of Cardiology,ACC)/美国心脏协会(American Heart Association,AHA)分期 D 期2-3。
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Heart Failure Society of America
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