排斥反应是器官移植术后不可避免的病理生理过程,是导致移植失败的主要原因,其机制复杂,涉及众多的分子和信号通路。同种异体肝移植术后排斥反应仍较为常见,大多数受者术后可能发生1次或多次排斥反应,并导致5%~10%的移植肝失功1。按照排斥反应发生的时间和组织病理学特征,肝移植术后排斥反应分为超急性排斥反应、急性排斥反应、慢性排斥反应和移植物抗宿主病(graft versus host disease,GVHD)。
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